How does DNA sample collection work?
1 min read · Reviewed Jun 9, 2026 · Updated Jun 9, 2026
Short answer
DNA sample collection usually uses a cheek swab or approved alternative sample, with identity checks and chain-of-custody documentation when the result needs legal defensibility.
Common sample types
Most relationship DNA tests use painless cheek swabs collected from each tested person. Some specialist cases may use alternative samples after laboratory review.
Chain of custody
Legal or immigration testing requires documented collection, verified identities, sealed samples, and traceable handling from collection to reporting.
Frequently asked questions
Is a cheek swab painful?
No. A sterile swab is rubbed gently inside the cheek to collect cells.
Expert reviewed
Reviewed by Dr. Sharon O. Akinpelu, Clinical Laboratory Director.
This content is educational and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified clinician.